RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Percutaneous Lumbar Interbody Fusion With an Expandable Titanium Cage Through Kambin’s Triangle: A Case Series With Initial Clinical and Radiographic Results JF International Journal of Spine Surgery JO Int J Spine Surg FD International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery SP 1133 OP 1141 DO 10.14444/8144 VO 15 IS 6 A1 Timothy Y. Wang A1 Vikram A. Mehta A1 Mostafa Gabr A1 Eric W. Sankey A1 Alexia Bwensa A1 C. Rory Goodwin A1 Isaac O. Karikari A1 John H. Chi A1 Muhammad M. Abd-El-Barr YR 2021 UL http://ijssurgery.com//content/15/6/1133.abstract AB Background There has been an increased interest in lumbar interbody fusions through Kambin’s triangle. In this study, we describe percutaneous access to the lumbar disc and insertion of an expandable titanium cage through Kambin’s triangle without facetectomy. The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility as well as clinical and radiographical outcomes of completely percutaneous lumbar interbody fusion (percLIF) using an expandable titanium cage through Kambin’s triangle.Methods A retrospective review of patients undergoing single-level percLIF for grade 1 lumbar spondylolisthesis via Kambin’s triangle using an expandable titanium cage was performed. Demographic information, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), preoperative and postoperative radiographic factors, perioperative data, and complications were recorded. Fusion was assessed with 1-year postoperative computed tomography scan or lumbar spine x-ray and defined as bridging disc or posterolateral fusion without evidence of hardware fracture or perihardware lucency.Results A total of 16 patients (3 males) were included in this study. Spondylolisthesis, anterior disc height, and posterior disc height were significantly improved at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months, postoperatively (P < 0.05). ODI was significantly improved by 24.4% at 12 months postoperatively (P = 0.0036). One patient was readmitted within 30 days for pain control but otherwise there were no complications including permanent neurological injury, infection, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or cardiac events. Fifteen (93.8%) patients had radiographic fusion at their 1-year postoperative imaging.Conclusion Our initial experiences have shown that percLIF can be performed using an expandable titanium cage through Kambin’s triangle with excellent radiographic and clinical results. In this series, percLIF is a safe and clinically efficacious procedure for reducing grade 1 lumbar spondylolisthesis and improving radiculopathy. This procedure is completed percutaneously without the use of an endoscope.Clinical Relevance This study highlights improvements in outcomes of minimally invasive surgery.Level of Evidence IV.