RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 How Much Blood Loss Is Too Much for a 1-Level Open Lumbar Fusion?
JF International Journal of Spine Surgery
JO Int J Spine Surg
FD International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery
SP 146
OP 155
DO 10.14444/8395
VO 17
IS 1
A1 Hani Chanbour
A1 Jeffrey W. Chen
A1 Steven G. Roth
A1 Byron F. Stephens
A1 Amir M. Abtahi
A1 Scott L. Zuckerman
YR 2023
UL http://ijssurgery.com//content/17/1/146.abstract
AB Background Despite the known association between increased estimated blood loss (EBL) and suboptimal perioperative outcomes, the exact threshold of EBL that impacts outcomes following elective spine surgery remains unknown. In a cohort of patients undergoing elective 1-level open posterior lumbar fusion, we sought to identify EBL thresholds associated with: (1) prolonged length of stay (LOS), (2) postoperative complications, and (3) patient-reported outcomes (PROs).Methods A retrospective, single-center study was performed of patients undergoing elective, 1-level open posterior lumbar fusion with and without interbody fusion between October 2010 and April 2021. The primary exposure variable was EBL. Primary outcomes included: (1) LOS, (2) 30-day complications, and (3) 3-month PROs. Minimum clinically important difference was set at 30% improvement from baseline. For purposes of receiver-operating characteristic curves, LOS was dichotomized as 1 vs ≥2 days.Results Of the 2028 patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion surgery, 1183 underwent 1-level fusions, 763 (64.5%) with interbody fusion and 420 (35.5%) without. With interbody fusion: Median (interquartile range [IQR]) EBL was 350 mL (200–600), and median (IQR) LOS was 2 days (2–3). A positive linear association was found between EBL and LOS (P < 0.001) but not with PROs. EBL above 275 mL was associated with LOS beyond postoperative day 1 (POD1) (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.73, 95% CI 0.68–0.78, P < 0.001), with no significant association with overall complications or PROs. Without interbody fusion: Median EBL (IQR) was 300 mL (150–500), and median (IQR) LOS was 3 days (2–4). A positive linear association was found between EBL and LOS (P < 0.001) but not with PROs. EBL above 238 mL was associated with LOS beyond POD1 (AUC = 0.78, 95% CI 0.71–0.85, P < 0.001), with no impact on overall complications or PROs.Conclusions In patients undergoing 1-level posterior lumbar fusion, EBL volumes greater than 275 and 238 mL in patients with and without interbody fusion, respectively, were associated with increased LOS beyond POD1. No effect was found regarding 30-day complications and 3-month PROs. Although EBL did not directly impact complications or PROs, surgeons may expect longer LOS when higher EBL is reported.Clinical Relevance EBL above 275 mL with an interbody and 238 mL without an interbody were associated with prolonged LOS beyond POD1 in 1-level open lumbar fusion.Level of Evidence 3.