RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 ISASS Recommendations and Coverage Criteria for Bone Graft Substitutes used in Spinal Surgery JF International Journal of Spine Surgery JO Int J Spine Surg FD International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery SP 757 OP 771 DO 10.14444/5095 VO 12 IS 6 A1 CELESTE ABJORNSON A1 ANTONIO BRECEVICH A1 TUCKER CALLANAN A1 CHRISTINA DOWE A1 FRANK P. CAMMISA, JR A1 MORGAN P. LORIO YR 2018 UL http://ijssurgery.com//content/12/6/757.abstract AB Autologous bone graft remains the gold standard by which bone graft substitutes are compared in spine fusion surgery. The utilization of bone graft substitutes, either as (1) an extender for spinal fusion constructs or (2) an alternative to minimize morbidity while maximizing outcomes, is changing. Moreover, current procedural technology (CPT) code 20939 became effective in 2018 defining bone marrow aspirate for bone grafting, spine surgery only. Changes in the complex landscape of grafting materials have prompted ISASS to provide category guidance for bone graft substitutes by comparing and contrasting US regulatory pathways, mechanisms of action, and supportive clinical evidence for these bone grafting materials.