Table 2

Patient-reported outome measures for long-term follow-up patients.

PROMBaseline12 MonthsLTFU
Mean (SEM)Mean (SEM)Mean Change vs Baseline (SEM) P ValueMean (SEM)Mean Change vs Baseline (SEM) P Value
ODI55.1 (3.4)18.5 (3.7)−36.6 (19.0)<0.000121.7 (4.5)−33.4 (18.4)<0.0001
VAS back7.6 (1.4)2.2 (2.1)−5.4 (2.9)<0.00013.6 (2.6)−4.0 (2.8)<0.0001
ANS1.3(0.9)0.5 (0.6)−0.8 (1.1)0.0020.8 (1.2)−0.5 (1.4)0.07
  • ANS, analgesic score; LTFU, long-term follow-up; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; PROM, patient-reported outcome measure; VAS, visual analog scale.