Results of patient-reported outcome measures at different time points, presented as mean value and 95% confidence interval.
| PROMs | Preop (n = 9) | 3 mo (n = 7) | 6 mo (n = 6) | 12 mo (n = 6) | 24 mo (n = 5) |
| NRS back pain (0–10) | 7.4 (6.3–8.6) | 6.4 (3.9–8.9) | 6.1 (4.3–7.9) | 4.3 (0.7–8.0) | 4.6 (1.7–7.5) |
| NRS leg pain (0–10) | 4.9 (2.6–7.2) | 4.9 (1.6–8.1) | 4.2 (1.7–6.7) | 2.2 (1.9–6.2) | 2.6 (1.9–7.1) |
| EQ-5D index (0–1.0) | 0.43 (0.25–0.61) | 0.48 (0.21–0.75) | 0.53 (0.30–0.76) | 0.62 (0.27–0.98) | 0.68 (0.34–1.00) |
| ODI (0–100) | 40 (39–59) | 41 (16–67) | 39 (22–57) | 30 (8–68) | 22 (0–45) |
EQ-5D, European quality of life-5 dimensions; NRS, numerical rating scale; ODI, oswestry disability index; PROMs, patient-reported outcome measures.