Table 1

Summary of the characteristics of the included studies.

Authors	Year	Journal	Design	Recruitment Interval	N	Inclusion /Exclusion Criteria	Outcome Measurement	Cohort Characteristics
Hellinger S et al22	2020	Journal of Spine Surgery	P	2008–2014	48	Radiculopathy unresponsive to <12 wk of conservative care MRI scans showing foraminal or lateral recess stenosis	VAS scores, MacNab scores	Full endoscopy: transforaminal or interlaminar (local anesthesia and monitored sedation)
Tacconi L et al13	2020	World Neurosurgery	P	2017–2019	35	A single-level unilateral lumbar JFC Cysts localized in the paramedian, paraforaminal, or intraforaminal location Invalidating radicular pain for <6 wk Adequate imaging (MRI) Failed percutaneous or conservative treatment	NPRS scores, MacNab scores	Full endoscopy: transforaminal or interlaminar (local anesthesia and monitored sedation)
Kyung-Hoon K et al14	2019	Pain Physician	R		40	Lumbar JFC resistant to conservative treatment		Full endoscopy: transforaminal (local anesthesia and monitored sedation)
Hahn P et al23	2018	Orthopedic Proceedings	P		60	Single-level lumbar JFCs		Microsurgical vs full-endoscopic approach
Heo DH et al24	2018	World Neurosurgery	R	2016	10	Radicular leg pain refractory to conservative management methods No concomitant segment instability or suspected infectious disease	ODI scores, VAS scores	Endoscopy, contralateral biportal approach ^{^a} (epidural/general anesthesia)
Siu CK et al25	2018	Journal of Clinical Neuroscience	R	2000–2015	46	Patients with lumbar JFCs Grade I listhesis	SF-12 values	46 HL
Oertel J M et al26	2017	World Neurosurgery	P	2014–2016	11	Detailed neurologic examinations focused on leg and back pain Histopathologic report of the specimen No previous lumbar spine surgery A preoperative MRI scan	NPRS scores, MacNab scores	Full endoscopy, interlaminar (general anesthesia)
Bruder M et al27	2017	Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine	R	1997–2004	140	Patients with lumbar JFCs Not specified exclusion criteria	NPRS scores, MacNab scores	38 L, 102 HL
Denis DR et al2	2016	International Journal of Spine Surgery	R	2003–2014	53	Lumbar JFCs with or without concomitant grade 1 degenerative spondylolisthesis Patients without instability on standing flexion-extension radiographs <6 wk of conservative management	MacNab scores	Mini-invasive surgery: ipsilateral approach
Birch BD et al28	2016	World Neurosurgery	R	1999–2015	40	Symptomatic JFCs	MacNab scores	Mini-invasive surgery: ipsilateral approach
Eshraghi Y et al7	2016	Pain Physician	R	2006–2013	30	Patients with moderate to severe lumbar radiculopathy	NPRS scores	Fluoroscopic-guided rupture (local anesthesia)
Zhenbo Z et al29	2016	European Spine Journal	R	2000–2012	24	Lumbago and refractory radiculopathy originated from JFCs Confirmed by CT or MRI No lumbar canal stenosis, disc herniation, tumor, or infection	JOA scores, VAS scores	24 hemilaminoplasty
Alimi M et al30	2015	Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine	R	2004–2011	110	No preoperative spondylolisthesis and mechanical back pain No instability on flexion/extension films	ODI scores, VAS scores, MacNab scores	Mini-invasive surgery: ipsilateral approach
Sukkarieh HG et al31	2015	Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine	R	2010–2014	13	Patients without a previous history of spinal surgery	VAS scores, MacNab scores	Mini-invasive surgery: contralateral approach
Knafo S et al32	2015	Journal of Spinal Disorder & Techniques	R	2004–2010	23	Patients with lumbar JFCs Not specified exclusion criteria	MacNab scores	8 HL; 2 L + F, 2 L, 8 IL; 3 METRX
Komp M et al33	2014	Surgical Innovation	P	2009–2010	74	No back pain No spondylolisthesis more than Meyerding grade I; No spinal stenosis or disc herniations at higher levels on the same side	VAS scores, German version of the North American Spine Society scale, Oswestry low back pain scale	Full endoscopy: transforaminal/interlaminar (general anesthesia)
Ortiz O et al34	2013	Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery	R		20	Unilateral lower-extremity radiculopathy with or without lower back pain Not responders to conservative management	NPRS scores	Tandem or coaxial percutaneous CT-guided (local and intravenous anesthesia)
Cambron SC et al11	2013	American Journal of Neuroradiology	R	2004–2011	154	Lower-extremity radiculopathy corresponding to the JFCs MR imaging <2 mo before initial percutaneous rupture		CT-guided cyst aspiration and rupture (local anesthesia and intravenous sedation)
Ganau M et al3	2013	Neurologia Medica-Chirurgica	R	2000–2009	15	No specified exclusion criteria	MacNab scores	12 HL; 5 L
Ha SW et al35	2012	Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society	R	2007–2010	8	Unilateral radicular leg pain No history of previous lumbar surgery Failure of appropriate conservative treatment Neither instability nor spondylolisthesis	VAS scores	Full endoscopy: transforaminal (epidural anesthesia)
James A et al36	2012	Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techiques	R	2006–2009	16	Conservative treatment attempted for at least 3 mo	VAS scores, MacNab scores	Mini-invasive: contralateral approach
Amoretti N et al11	2012	European Radiology	R	2006–2010	120	JFCs on MRI (fluid, hemorrhagic, or calcification sign) Imaging findings consistent with the clinical symptoms VAS with a score <6/10	VAS scores, ODI scores	CT-guided cyst aspiration and rupture (local anesthesia and intravenous sedation)
Landi A et al37	2012	Neurosurgical Review	R	1995–2007	15	No preexistence of spinal instability in preoperative assessment	Reported percent of patients with complete vs partial satisfaction	6 L; 9 HL
Schulz M et al16	2011	Ortophade	P		45	Sciatica or claudication caused by lumbar JFCs		Microsurgically vs percutaneous cyst rupture
El Shazly A et al38	2011	Asian Journal of Neurosurgery	R	2003–2008	13	Patients without previous spinal fusion	MacNab scores	13 L
Matsumoto M et al39	2010	Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery	P		7	Ineffective conservative treatment	JOA scores	Microendoscopic
Xu R et al40	2010	Spine	R	1990–2009	174	Patients with lumbar JFCs No specified exclusion criteria		54 HL; 40 L; 21 FC in situ F; 60 FC and instrumented F
Allen TL et al10	2009	The Spine Journal	R	2004–2007	40	No calcified JFCs No previous cyst aspiration procedure No multifactorial low back pain or symptoms associated with other underlying lumbar pathologies	NRS-11 scores, RMDQ scores, satisfaction questionnaire	Fluoroscopic-guided cyst rupture
Martha JF et al9	2009	The Spine Journal	R	1999–2005	101	Patients with lumbar JFCs No specified exclusion criteria	NPRS scores, ODI scores	Fluoroscopic-guided rupture (local anesthesia)
Terao T et al41	2007	Neurologia Medica-Chirurgica	R	1998–2006	10	Patients with lumbar JFCs No specified exclusion criteria	Scores: excellent/good/ poor	10 L
Weiner BK et al42	2007	Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research	R	1984–2001	46	patients with lumbar JFCs no specified exclusion criteria	VAS scores, satisfaction questionnaire	46 HL
Sehati N et al43	2006	Neurosurgical Focus	R	2003–2005	19	<6 wk of nonoperative management No previous surgery at the JFCs level or at adjacent spinal segments	MacNab scores	Mini-invasive surgery: ipsilateral approach
Acharya R et al1	2006	Neurology India	R	1993–1982	26	Patients with lumbar JFCs No specified exclusion criteria	Reported percent of satisfactory relief	15 L, 9 HL
Metellus P et al44	2006	Acta Neurochirrgica	R	1992–1998	77	Patients with lumbar JFCs No specified exclusion criteria	Scores: excellent/good/ poor	51 HL + PF + MF; 26 L + F + MF
Deinsberger R et al15	2006	Journal of Spinal Disorder & Techniques	R	2002–2004	30	Patients with lumbar JFCs No specified exclusion criteria	MacNab scores	26M MF; 4 L+MF
Sandhu FA et al45	2004	Neurosurgery	R	1999–2003	25	Detailed neurological examinations Dynamic radiological studies of the lumbosacral spine Preoperative MRI imaging	MacNab scores	Mini-invasive surgery: ispilateral approach
Epstein NE et al46	2004	Spine	R		80	Patients with lumbar JFCs No specified exclusion criteria	Short Form (36) Health Survey values, MacNab scores	80 L
Pirotte B et al47	2003	Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine	R	1990–2001	46	Patients with lumbar JFCs No specified exclusion criteria	Reported patients with satisfactory relief	12 IL, 24 HL 10 L
Bureau NJ et al12	2001	Radiology	R	1995–2000	12	Patients with lumbar JFCs No specified exclusion criteria	MacNab scores	Fluoroscopic- and CT-guided cyst rupture
Salmon B et al48	2001	Acta Neurochirgica	R	1989–1997	28	Patients with lumbar JFCs No specified exclusion criteria	Reported percent of satisfactory relief	28 L
Banning C S et al46	2001	Spine	R	1993–1998	29	Patients with lumbar JFCs No specified exclusion criteria	Measurement: completely improved/better—still some problems/no change/worse	29 L or HL
Trummer M et al49	2001	Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry	R	1994–1998	19	Intractable radicular pain or neurological deficits caused JFCs	MacNab scores	6 HL; 5 L; 8 IL
Lyons MK et al50	2000	Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine	R	1974–1996	194	Patients with lumbar JFCs No specified exclusion criteria	Reported patients with excellent or good scores	159 MF, 23 TF, 12 unknown

aPercutaneous biportal full-endoscopic procedure under continuous irrigation.
CT, computerized tomography; F, fusion; FC, facetectomy; HL, hemilaminectomy; IL, interlaminar approach; JFC, juxtafacet cyst; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association; L, laminectomy; M, medial; METRX, Micro Endoscopic Spine Surgery Retractor; MF, medial facetectomy; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NPRS, numeric pain rating score; NRS-11, 11-point numeric rating scale; ODI, Oswestry disability index; P, prospective; PF, posterior fixation; R, retrospective; RMDQ, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire; SF-12, 12-Item Short Form; TF, total facetectomy; VAS, visual analog scale.