Comparison of radiographic outcomes between the 2 groups.
| Raidographic Parameters | FLUO MIS-TLIF (N = 61) | NAV MIS-TLIF (N = 36) | P Value |
| Screw-to-pedicle ratio | 0.7 ± 0.13 | 0.66 ± 0.09 | 0.079 |
| % Screw depth | 85.18 ± 7.54 | 89.04 ± 6.07 | 0.011a |
| Angle of medial convergence | 18.44 ± 11.55 | 27.7±3.93 | <0.001a |
| % Screw penetration | (n = 270) | (n = 172) | |
| Anterior | 47 (17.4%) | 16 (9.7%) | 0.027a |
| Lateral | 5 (1.9%) | 4 (2.4%) | 0.684 |
| Medial | 10 (3.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.012a |
| Superior | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.724 |
| Cage size | 23.61 ± 1.93 | 24.78 ± 1.74 | 0.003a |
| Cage location | |||
| Anterior | 24 (44.4%) | 30 (55.6%) | 0.471 |
| Posterior | 49 (74.2%) | 17 (25.8%) | 0.471 |
| Cage subsidence (>2 mm) | 39 (63.9%) | 23 (63.9%) | 0.996 |
| Fusion | 55 (90.2%) | 33 (91.7%) | 0.481 |
Data presented as mean ± SD or n (%).
aStatistically significant (P < 0.05)
FLOU, fluoroscopic-guided; MIS-TILF, minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion; NAV, 3-dimensional computer navigation.