Assessment of preoperative and postoperative functional outcomes.
| Outcome Measure | Pre-STOP | Post-STOP | P |
| Preoperative | |||
| VAS back pain | 6.8 ± 2.9 | 5.3 ± 2.9 | 0.001 |
| VAS leg pain | 7.6 ± 2.2 | 7.2 ± 2.8 | 0.209 |
| EQ-5D | 0.29 ± 0.28 | 0.28 ± 0.27 | 0.368 |
| ODI | 55.6 ± 14.5 | 59.1 ± 16.3 | 0.94 |
| Postoperative | |||
| VAS back pain | 3.3 ± 3.0 | 2.6 ± 3.0 | 0.082 |
| VAS leg pain | 2.4 ± 2.9 | 1.2 ± 2.4 | 0.003 |
| EQ5-SD | 0.71 ± 0.30 | 0.75 ± 0.31 | 0.368 |
| ODI | 28.4 ± 21.6 | 21.9 ± 19.7 | 0.094 |
| Satisfied patients, n (%) | 66 (77.6) | 53 (86.9) | 0.156 |
Note: Data presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.
ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; STOP, Strengthen Opioid Misuse Prevention Act; VAS, visual analog scale.