Table 4

Impact of gender on PROMs.

PROM	Women (Mean ± SD)	Men (Mean ± SD)	P Value^{^a}	P Value^{^b}
VAS neck
Preoperative	6.4 ± 2.4	6.0 ± 2.2	0.278	0.364
6 wk	4.0 ± 2.5	3.3 ± 2.6	0.138	<0.001
12 wk	2.9 ± 2.8	2.9 ± 2.4	0.877	<0.001
6 mo	3.0 ± 2.8	2.7 ± 2.5	0.600	0.003
1 y	3.2 ± 3.1	3.5 ± 2.7	0.647	0.357
2 y	4.2 ± 2.6	4.3 ± 2.9	0.892	0.735
VAS arm
Preoperative	6.5 ± 2.7	5.7 ± 2.5	0.076	0.121
6 wk	2.2 ± 2.7	2.7 ± 2.5	0.317	0.005
12 wk	3.1 ± 3.5	2.5 ± 2.4	0.245	0.009
6 mo	2.9 ± 3.3	2.4 ± 2.5	0.407	0.013
1 y	3.0 ± 2.7	4.0 ± 3.4	0.274	0.325
2 y	3.3 ± 2.8	3.9 ± 3.3	0.672	0.685
NDI
Preoperative	42.9 ± 19.6	40.9 ± 17.8	0.574	<0.001
6 wk	30.5 ± 20.2	32.5 ± 19.8	0.608	<0.001
12 wk	25.0 ± 19.7	28.1 ± 20.4	0.434	<0.001
6 mo	25.4 ± 21.1	22.0 ± 20.5	0.418	<0.001
1 y	23.9 ± 20.0	26.1 ± 23.6	0.712	0.684
2 y	22.6 ± 16.0	33.7 ± 23.9	0.217	0.457
SF-12 PCS
Preoperative	37.6 ± 7.4	37.9 ± 10.5	0.799	0.004
6 wk	39.1 ± 9.4	38.0 ± 10.0	0.490	0.002
12 wk	44.5 ± 9.1	43.8 ± 11.5	0.722	0.011
6 mo	40.5 ± 10.0	43.4 ± 9.6	0.214	0.166
1 y	44.3 ± 8.4	43.1 ± 12.2	0.692	0.314
2 y	46.1 ± 8.4	37.6 ± 13.1	0.043	0.120
PROMIS-PF
Preoperative	39.1 ± 6.6	40.8 ± 7.8	0.345	<0.001
6 wk	42.4 ± 6.9	39.3 ± 7.3	0.105	0.026
12 wk	46.2 ± 11.2	45.4 ± 10.4	0.793	0.153
6 mo	45.9 ± 9.2	47.4 ± 10.9	0.634	0.031
1 y	47.1 ± 7.9	48.0 ± 9.4	0.800	0.995
2 y	48.3 ± 11.0	46.0 ± 9.6	0.528	0.844
VR-12 PCS
Preoperative	36.5 ± 7.5	36.4 ± 10.0	0.923	0.003
6 wk	40.2 ± 8.5	36.3 ± 10.1	0.070	<0.001
12 wk	42.9 ± 10.1	40.7 ± 11.6	0.436	0.003
6 mo	42.9 ± 9.8	45.9 ± 9.3	0.207	0.090
1 y	45.7 ± 8.5	44.7 ± 11.6	0.735	0.803
2 y	47.5 ± 7.9	38.7 ± 13.5	0.035	0.093

Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance.
↵a P values calculated using simple linear regression of PROMs by gender.
↵b P values calculated using multiple regression of PROMs by gender and insurance type.
Abbreviations: NDI, Neck Disability Index; PCS, physical composite score; PROM, patient-reported outcome measure; PROMIS-PF, PROM information system physical function; SF-12 PCS, 12-item short form survey PCS; VAS, visual analog scale; VR-12 PCS, veterans RAND 12-item health survey PCS.