Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics (N = 144).

Demographics and Baseline Characteristics n (%)
Age, y, mean (range)62.7 (28–83)
Men84 (58%)
ASA score
 ASA 18 (5.6)
 ASA 269 (47.9)
 ASA 364 (44.4)
 ASA 43 (2.1)
BMI
 <18.5 (Underweight)3 (2.1)
 18.5–24.9 (Normal weight)37 (25.7)
 25–29.9 (Overweight)41 (28.5)
 30–34.9 (Obese)7 (4.9)
 >35 (Extremely obese)3 (2.1)
 Missing53 (36.8)
Frankel grade (preoperative)
 A/B/C49 (34.0)
 D53 (36.8)
 E42 (29.2)
Ambulatory status (preoperative)
 Intact83 (57.6)
 Impaired61 (42.4)
Karnofsky performance score (preoperative)
 Poor to moderate (0–70)62 (56.9)
 Good (70–100)82 (43.1)
Spinal instability neoplastic score
 Stable (1–6)10 (6.9)
 Potentially unstable (7–12)86 (59.7)
 Unstable (13–18)48 (33.3)
Oncological characteristicsNumber (%)
Primary tumor site
 Breast28 (19.4)
 Lung (nonsmall cell)26 (18.1)
 Multiple myeloma19 (13.2)
 Prostate18 (12.5)
 Renal17 (11.8)
 Unknown primary7 (4.9)
 Colon3 (2.1)
 Rectum3 (2.1)
 B-cell lymphoma (non-Hodgkin)3 (2.1)
 Lung (small cell)3 (2.1)
 Gastrointestinal2 (1.4)
 Oropharynx2 (1.4)
 Testis1 (0.7)
 Neuroendocrine (lung)1 (0.7)
 Melanoma1 (0.7)
 Bladder1 (0.7)
 Esophageal1 (0.7)
 Cholangiocarcinoma1 (0.7)
 Missing7 (4.9)
Spinal metastasis region
 Cervical17 (11.8)
 Cervicothoracic junction2 (1.4)
 Thoracic102 (70.8)
 Thoracolumbar junction9 (6.3)
 Lumbar11 (7.6)
 Diffuse3 (2.1)
Solitary spinal metastases present70 (48.6)
Extraspinal bone metastases present66 (45.8)
Visceral metastases present49 (34.0)
Cerebral metastases present14 (9.7)
Previous radiotherapy on surgical lesion14 (9.7)
  • Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index.

  • Note: Data presented as n (%) unless otherwise noted.