Perioperative characteristics
| Characteristics | ST | SD | Unadjusted | IPW | ||
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |||
| Ratio (95% CI) | Ratio (95% CI) | |||||
| Whole Cohort | ||||||
| n | 50 | 161 | ||||
| Duration between procedures when staged, da | ||||||
| Range (median) | 1–20 (2) | - | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.9 (2.8) | - | ||||
| Number of levels fused in ALIF, n (%) | ||||||
| 1 | 13 (26.0%) | 84 (52.2%) | Reference | <0.001* | Reference | 0.603 |
| 2 | 22 (44.0%) | 68 (42.2%) | 2.09 (0.98, 4.45) | 1.42 (0.43, 4.69) | ||
| 3 | 14 (28.0%) | 8 (5.0%) | 11.3 (3.97, 32.20) | 1.99 (0.52, 7.63) | ||
| 4 | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (0.6%) | 6.46 (0.38, 109.70) | 0.37 (0.02, 6.72) | ||
| Number of levels fused in PSF | ||||||
| Range (median) | 1–16 (8) | 1–15 (2) | 2.79 (2.20, 3.54) | <0.001* | 1.29 (0.81, 2.05) | 0.275 |
| Mean (SD) | 9.1 (4.5) | 3.8 (3.2) | ||||
| Combined EBL, mL | ||||||
| Range (median) | 25–4000 (1200) | 25–5100 (350) | 2.28 (1.61, 3.22) | <0.001* | 1.07 (0.62, 1.83) | 0.819 |
| Mean (SD) | 1220 (891.5) | 609.2 (710.5) | ||||
| Total intraoperative complications, n (%) | 7 (14.0%) | 4 (2.5%) | 6.39 (1.52, 30.83) | 0.004* | 2.94 (0.55, 15.74) | 0.207 |
| LS Cohort | ||||||
| n | 44 | 56 | ||||
| Duration between procedures when staged, da | ||||||
| Range (median) | 0–22 (2) | - | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.9 (2.9) | - | ||||
| Number of levels fused in ALIF, n (%) | ||||||
| 1 | 11 (25.0%) | 34 (60.7%) | Reference | <0.001* | Reference | 0.322 |
| 2 | 18 (40.9%) | 17 (30.4%) | 3.27 (1.27, 8.46) | 1.05 (0.34, 3.20) | ||
| 3 | 14 (31.8%) | 4 (7.1%) | 10.82 (2.94, 39.80) | 2.49 (0.59, 10.44) | ||
| 4 | 1 (2.3%) | 1 (1.8%) | 3.09 (0.18, 53.65) | 0.17 (0.01, 3.14) | ||
| Number of levels fused in PSF | ||||||
| Range (median) | 4–16 (8) | 4–15 (8) | 1.37 (1.17, 1.62) | 0.002* | 1.09 (0.86, 1.39) | 0.457 |
| Mean (SD) | 10 (3.9) | 7.3 (3.1) | ||||
| Combined EBL, m | ||||||
| Range (median) | 25–4000 (1300) | 25–5100 (875) | 1.31 (0.89, 1.92) | 0.088 | 0.82 (0.48, 1.40) | 0.471 |
| Mean (SD) | 1351.7 (869) | 1127.6 (945.4) | ||||
| Total intraoperative complications, n (%) | 6 (13.6%) | 2 (3.6%) | 4.26 (0.70, 44.80) | 0.133 | 4.25 (0.73, 24.92) | 0.109 |
Abbreviations: ALIF, anterior lumbar interbody fusion; EBL, estimated blood loss; IPW, inverse probability weighting; LS, long segment; PSF, posterior spinal fusion; SD, same day; ST, staged.
Note: Intraoperative complications in the whole cohort were recorded in 11 cases (5.2%), with the ST group showed a significantly higher incidence compared with the SD group (OR = 6.4, P = 0.004). In the LS cohort, intraoperative complications were recorded in 8 patients (8%) with no statistically significant difference between ST and SD groups (Table 2).
*Signifies P < 0.05.
↵a The median duration between the staged procedures was 2.9 days with a range of 0 to 22 days for the LS and whole cohort.