Primary and secondary outcome measures: change from baseline to follow-up, comparing the complete union group and not complete union group made from merging the nonunion group and partial union group.
| Outcome Measure | Not Complete Union (n = 24) | Complete Union (n = 76) | P |
| ODI | −20.8 (19.0) (n = 24) | −19.9 (16.5) (n = 76) | 0.83 |
| Success, %a | 75% (n = 18) | 74% (n = 56) | 0.90 |
| ZCQ-S | −1.2 (0.8) (n = 25) | −1.0 (0.9) (n = 73) | 0.55 |
| ZCQ-F | −0.8 (0.7) (n = 24) | −0.9 (0.7) (n = 74) | 0.46 |
| LP NRS | −3.4 (3.1) (n = 23) | −3.6 (3.0) (n = 72) | 0.79 |
| LBP NRS | −2.5 (2.6) (n = 24) | −2.9 (2.5) (n = 73) | 0.51 |
| EQ5D | 0.32 (0.35) (n = 24) | 0.34 (0.32) (n = 69) | 0.79 |
Abbreviations: EQ5D, EuroQol health related quality of life index; LBP, Lower Back Pain; LP, leg pain; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; ZCQ-S/F, Zürich Claudication Questionnaire Symptoms/Function.
Note: Data presented as mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated.
↵a Success ≥30% improvement in ODI.