Baseline patient and operative characteristics by preoperative PROMIS-PF disability level.
| Characteristic | Mild (n = 20) | Moderate (n = 92) | Severe (n = 32) | P |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, y | 66.0 ± 8.7 | 64.7 ± 11.2 | 67.2 ± 11.0 | 0.515 |
| BMI | 29.6 ± 6.3 | 31.4 ± 5.5 | 31.1 ± 4.9 | 0.423 |
| Sex | 0.329 | |||
| Women | 16 (80.0) | 58 (63.0) | 20 (62.5) | |
| Men | 4 (20.0) | 34 (37.0) | 12 (37.5) | |
| Non-white race | 7 (35.0)a | 10 (10.9)b | 7 (21.9)a,b | 0.021 |
| ASA ≥3 | 6 (30.3) | 52 (56.5) | 17 (53.1) | 0.098 |
| CCI score | 2.6 ± 1.8 | 2.5 ± 1.4 | 3.0 ± 1.8 | 0.293 |
| Prior spine surgery | ||||
| Laminectomy | 2 (10.0) | 23 (25.0) | 5 (15.6) | 0.233 |
| Fusion | 2 (10.0) | 10 (10.9) | 2 (6.2) | 0.749 |
| Procedure type | ||||
| PLF | 11 (55.0) | 44 (47.8) | 17 (53.1) | 0.779 |
| PLIF/TLIF | 9 (45.0) | 48 (52.2) | 15 (46.9) | |
| Primary diagnosis | ||||
| Pseudarthrosis/hardware failure | 0 (0) | 4 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 0.766* |
| Degenerative disc disease | 5 (25.0) | 24 (26.1) | 8 (25.0) | 0.990 |
| Degenerative spondylolisthesis | 10 (50.0) | 58 (63.0) | 19 (59.4) | 0.552 |
| Spinal stenosis | 5 (25.0)a | 6 (6.5)b | 5 (15.6)a,b | 0.035* |
| Symptom type | ||||
| Axial only | 1 (5.0) | 8 (8.7) | 3 (9.4) | |
| Radicular only | 2 (10.0) | 8 (8.7) | 4 (12.5) | 0.943 |
| Axial and radicular | 17 (85.0) | 76 (82.6) | 25 (78.1) | |
| Symptom frequency | ||||
| Intermittent | 6 (30.0) | 14 (15.2) | 5 (15.6) | 0.274 |
| Constant | 14 (70.0) | 78 (84.8) | 27 (84.4) | |
| Change in symptoms | ||||
| No change/better | 13 (65.0) | 46 (50.0) | 11 (34.4) | 0.090 |
| Worse | 7 (35.0) | 46 (50.0) | 21 (65.6) | |
| Symptom duration | ||||
| ≤1 y | 5 (25.0) | 41 (44.6) | 17 (53.1) | 0.134 |
| >1 y | 15 (75.0) | 51 (55.4) | 15 (46.9) | |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index (kg/m2); CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; PLF, posterolateral fusion; PLIF/TLIF, posterior lumbar interbody fusion/transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion; PROMIS-PF, patient-reported outcomes measurement information system-physical function.
Note: Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%). Statistically significant values at P < 0.05 are in boldface.
Subscripts denote post-hoc Bonferroni adjusted comparisons. Different letters denote significant differences between groups.
*Denotes Fisher's Exact test