Table 1

Transoral manipulation techniques for reduction of displaced type II odontoid fractures in literature

Study	Description of odontoid fracture	Technique of transoral reduction
Elias et al,¹¹ 2006	Ventrally displaced type II odontoid fracture	Continuous transoral digital pressure until odontoid screw placement could be achieved
Ben-Galim and Reitman,¹³ 2008	Anteriorly displaced type II odontoid fracture (1 cm), extended obliquel through upper body of C2	Direct oropharyngeal pressure with padded laryngoscope blade
Piedra et al,¹² 2009	Locked anteriorly displaced type II odontoid fracture	Transoral digital pressure to oropharynx while supporting spinous process of C2