Patient Baseline Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Value (N = 470) |
|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | |
| Female | 261 (55.5) |
| Demographic Information, n (%) | |
| History Of Smoking* Employed† Spine Surgical History‡ | 119 (25.5) 352 (77.7) 134 (29.8) |
| Pre-Existing Conditions, n (%) | |
| Diabetes Osteoporosis Obesity HTN Cardio HX Hypercholestermia Cancer HX Thyroid Disorders | 51 (10.9) 21 (4.5) 27 (5.7) 132 (28.1) 49 (10.4) 60 (12.8) 34 (7.2) 33 (7.0) |
| Pre-surgical Symptoms, n (%) | |
| Back Pain§ Radicular Pain§ Bowel/Bladder Dysfunction* | 467 (99.6) 434 (92.6) 9 (2.0) |
| Diagnosis, n (%) | |
| Spondylosis Spondylolisthesis (Grade 1 or less) Herniated Nucleus Pulposis# Facet Joint Degeneration** Instability†† Osteophyte Formation** Decreased Disc Height# | 335 (71.9) 78 (16.6) 412 (89.0) 397 (87.1) 462 (98.7) 376 (82.5) 452 (97.6) |