Patient baseline characteristics
| Characteristics | Value (N = 25) |
|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD, | 44.5 ± 10.1 |
| Female, n(%) | 23 (92.0) |
| Duration of non-operative treatment, mean ± SD, mo | 23.2 ± 16.6 |
| Number of treated levels, n(%) | |
| One | 12 (48.0) |
| Two | 13 (52.0) |
| Implant levels,* n(%) | |
| C3-4 | 1 (2.6) |
| C4-5 | 10 (26.3) |
| C5-6 | 18 (47.4) |
| C6-7 | 9 (23.7) |
| Previous treatment(s), n(%) | |
| Cervical traction | 6 (24.0) |
| Bed rest/immobilization | 3 (12.0) |
| Use of NSAIDS | 25 (100.0) |
| Cervical collar | 11 (44.0) |
| Physical therapy | 21 (84.0) |
| Chiropractic care | 9 (36.0) |
| Acupuncture | 7 (28.0) |
| Smokers, n(%) | 13 (52.0) |
↵* N = 38.