A. Standing uncontrolled
| Patient stands uprights and bends on their own without grabbing anything or being bolstered to anything. |
I. Max Voluntary
| Patient bends as far as they can move them-selves without using their hands to pull into flexion. |
B. Hips flexed
| In flexion, bending can occur in the hips and lumbar spine. Knees may or may not be flexed. |
II. Patient pulling
| Patient pulls on a fixed object to go further into flexion than the patient could otherwise go. |
C. Standing pelvis bolster
| Upright standing with a bolster to minimize pelvis motion. Knees kept in full extension. |
III. Rad Tech Pulling
| A technician pushes and/or pulls the patient into a maximal spine bend. |
D. Side lying
| Lying in lateral decubitus position and bending forward and backward. |
IV. Stan-dard End Range
| IVT and IVR are measured at a standardized overall trunk bending angle, short of the maximal end range position. |
E. Traction & compression
| Using external forces to add load (compression) or to distract (traction) the spine while in an upright standing posture | |