reduced opioid consumption after lumbar fusion

• A Novel Multimodal Postoperative Pain Protocol for 1- to 2-Level Open Lumbar Fusions: A Retrospective Cohort Study

  Michael Markowitz, Barrett Woods, Gregory Schroeder, Christopher Kepler, David Kaye, Mark Kurd, Joshua Armstrong, Alexander Vaccaro and Kris Radcliff

  • International Journal of Spine Surgery December 2023, 17 (6) 828-834;
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.14444/8484