Abstract
Greater understanding of the pathophysiology and mechanism of acute pain has led to advances in pharmacologic therapy. Understanding the principles of multimodal therapy along with surgical-specific protocols leads to improved outcome in patients. However, further large-scale randomized trials need to be performed to further establish and demonstrate the long-term benefit of multimodal therapy for patients undergoing surgery.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
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Acetaminophen / therapeutic use
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Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / therapeutic use
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Analgesia / methods*
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use
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Anticonvulsants / therapeutic use
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Capsaicin / therapeutic use
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Combined Modality Therapy
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Humans
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Phenols / therapeutic use
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Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / antagonists & inhibitors
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Tapentadol
Substances
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Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
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Anticonvulsants
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Phenols
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Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
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Acetaminophen
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Tapentadol
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Capsaicin