Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are an important component of health outcomes assessment. Preoperative and postoperative measurement of patient-reported pain, functionality, and quality of life offers many benefits to orthopedic surgeons in all practice settings. PROM data are used in research and have many other applications. Providers can use PROM data to measure the individual or institutional recovery trajectory for any surgical procedure, and patients can actively engage in their recovery after a procedure by learning about its expected outcomes. Although PROMs have many benefits and applications, implementation has its challenges. There are issues regarding PROM selection, longitudinal data collection with high compliance, and integration of PROMs into clinical care. In this article, we discuss the challenges associated with implementing PROMs in an orthopedic surgery practice and review the literature for best practices in PROM selection, patient follow-up, and novel ways to use PROM data.