Extensive research has been focused on radiation-induced brain injury. Animal and human
studies have shown that flavonoids have remarkable toxicological profiles. This study aims …

Objective To create and develop a reproducible and realistic training environment to prepare
residents and trainees for arterial catastrophes during endoscopic endonasal surgery. …

Purpose Radical oxygen species produced after injury counteracts antioxidant activity and
frequently causes severe oxidative stress for the tissues. Alpha-lipoic acid is a powerful …

Object Extensive research has been focused on neuroprotection after spinal cord trauma to
alleviate the effects of secondary injury. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective …

Objectives: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is the most frequent type of intracranial
hemorrhage which especially affects the elderly. Various surgical techniques have been …

Hemodialysis patients are at an increased risk of bleeding due to the platelet dysfunction
caused by uremia and the use of anticoagulants during dialysis. Spontaneous spinal …

Spinal anesthesia is widely used for many obstetric, gynecological, orthopedic, and urological
operations. Subdural hematomas may occur after trauma and are associated with high …

Purpose The aim of this study was to emphasize the importance of preoperative surgical
planning using 3D skull models in craniosynostosis surgery. Methods By using 3D polymethyl …

Objectives Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is usually bilateral procedure, and it is
combined with posterior by bilateral pedicle screw support or with fixation. The purpose of this …

Objective Spinal cord ischemia is a serious and catastrophic clinicopathologic condition.
Despite studies reported over the last 20 years, alternative and efficient treatment options …