Background In the past few decades, the minimally invasive technique for spine surgery has
developed extensively from the scope of decompression until fusion surgeries to reduce …

Several types of laminoplasty spacer have been used to fill bone gaps and maintain a widened
canal. A 3D scaffold can be used as an alternative spacer to minimize the risk observed …

Background Vertebral osteomyelitis is rare. Finding the right etiological agent is important to
administer antibiotic regimen accordingly. The occurrence of this disease in endemic …

Background Brachial Plexus Injury (BPI) is one of the peripheral nerve injuries which
causes severe functional impairment and disability. Without prompt treatment, prolonged …

Background The development of full endoscopic procedures enables surgeons to visualize
the operative field very clearly. Posterior foraminotomy using endoscopy was developed as a …

Background Until recently, open decompression was considered the gold standard for the
management of spinal stenosis, but the evolution of minimally invasive spine instruments has …

Background: The kyphotic deformity is more than just a cosmetic disfigurement. It is potentially
life-threatening and disturbs the quality of life by causing cardiopulmonary dysfunction, …

Protective agent for hepatotoxicity is still a great challenge in the management of liver diseases.
Aloe vera is a beneficial plant that has been studied for food supplements, cosmetic and …

Background Distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability results from the disruption of the triangular
fibrocartilaginous complex consisting of DRUJ’s primary and secondary stabilizers. The …

Purpose Traumatic brachial plexus injury (TBPI) causes severe disabilities to the patients,
affecting not only upper limb function but also the psychosocial and economic aspects. Free …