… From the *Texas Back Institute/Texas Health Research Institute, Plano, TX; †The Spine
Institute at Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA; ‡Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York…

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The spine is a complex and vital structure. Its function includes
not only structural support of the body as a whole, but it also serves as a conduit for safe …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The golf swing imparts significant stress on the lumbar spine.
Not surprisingly, low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints …

We present a two-part review article on the current state of knowledge of lumbar facet joint
pathology. This first article discusses the functional anatomy, biomechanics, and radiological …

Fusion has become the standard of care for numerous pathologic conditions of the spine
over the past 50 years. Instrumented thoracolumbar fusion for adolescent and adult spinal …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Vertebral artery (VA) injury can be a catastrophic iatrogenic
complication of cervical spine surgery. Although the incidence is rare, it has serious …

Background Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are increasingly recognized as a
common anatomical variant associated with altered patterns of degenerative spine changes. …

Background: There is uncertainty in the literature over the relative effectiveness of lumbar
epidural interlaminar (IL) steroid injection versus transforaminal (TF) steroid injection for …

Background Spinal fusion surgery is performed about half a million times per year in the
United States and millions more worldwide. It is an effective method for reducing pain, …

Study Design. Systematic review of cohort studies comparing surgical treatment options for
cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Objective. Compare results of major surgical treatments. …