Study Design. Facet joint kinematics and capsular ligament strains were evaluated during
simulated whiplash of whole cervical spine specimens with muscle force replication. …

Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) injuries following whiplash have been documented both
in vivo and in vitro; however, ALL strains during the whiplash trauma remain unknown. A …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Most previous studies have investigated ligament mechanical
properties at slow elongation rates of less than 25 mm/s. PURPOSE: To determine the tensile …

Study Design. Nonsystematic review of cervical spine lesions in whiplash-associated
disorders (WAD). Objective. To describe whiplash injury models in terms of basic and clinical …

Whiplash injury is the most common motor vehicle injury, yet it is also one of the most poorly
understood. Here we examine the evidence supporting an organic basis for acute and …

Study Design. A kinematic analysis of cervical intervertebral disc deformation during
simulated whiplash using the whole cervical spine with muscle force replication model was …

BACKGROUND: Previous clinical studies have identified the cervical facet joint, including
the capsular ligaments, as sources of pain in whiplash patients. The goal of this study was to …

Study Design. An in vitro biomechanical study. Objectives. The objectives were to: quantify
dynamic canal pinch diameter (CPD) narrowing during simulated bilateral facet dislocation of …

Whiplash has been simulated using volunteers, whole cadavers, mathematical models,
anthropometric test dummies, and whole cervical spines. Many previous in vitro whiplash …

Objective. To quantify the dynamic loads and intervertebral motions throughout the cervical
spine during simulated rear impacts. Methods. Using a biofidelic whole cervical spine model …