OBJECTIVE Minimally invasive anterolateral retroperitoneal approaches for lumbar interbody
arthrodesis have distinct advantages attractive to spine surgeons. Prepsoas or transpsoas …

T cell dysfunction contributes to tumor immune escape in patients with cancer and is
particularly severe amidst glioblastoma (GBM). Among other defects, T cell lymphopenia is …

Purpose: T-cell dysfunction is a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM). Although anergy and
tolerance have been well characterized, T-cell exhaustion remains relatively unexplored. …

BACKGROUND: Pedicle screws are used to stabilize all 3 columns of the spine, but can be
technically demanding to place. Although intraoperative fluoroscopy and stereotactic-guided …

Introduction: Immunotherapy for brain cancer has evolved dramatically over the past decade,
owed in part to our improved understanding of how the immune system interacts with …

Introduction: Rindopepimut (CDX-110) is a peptide vaccine that targets epidermal growth
factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), a tumor-specific epitope expressed in the most common …

Object Pedicle screws provide efficient stabilization along all 3 columns of the spine, but
they can be technically demanding to place, with malposition rates ranging from 5% to 10%. …

Objective Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been proven effective for multiple chronic pain
syndromes. Over the past 40 years of use, the complication rates of SCS have been well …

Background: Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a cause of significant morbidity for up
to 40% of patients following spine surgery, and is estimated to cost almost $20 billion. …

Purpose: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown promise against solid tumors,
but their efficacy has been limited, due in part, to immunosuppression by CD4 + FoxP3 + …