Background Smoking is a known neurotoxin that has been shown to negatively impact
neurological function and recovery in multiple animal studies. Patients who smoke have …

Introduction: Smoking, while detrimental to health in any population, has greater health
implications for those with spinal cord injury (SCI) because of additional risks posed by SCI …

Study Design. Retrospective cohort. Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare
outcomes of surgical treatment of cervical myelopathy between smokers and nonsmokers as …

METHODS: A total of 473 patients enrolled in a prospective longitudinal registry undergoing
cervical degeneration surgery over a period of 1 year were included in the study. Smoking …

Objective: To determine the impact of smoking on intensive care unit (ICU) outcomes in
patients who underwent operative fixation for spine trauma. Design: Retrospective cohort …

Objectives Cigarette smoke contains over 4000 chemicals including well-characterized
toxicants and carcinogens, among which is cotinine. Cotinine is the principal metabolite of …

Background: Tobacco smokers and companies are well aware that smoking increases the
risks for cancers, vascular morbidity, and early mortality. This is a review of the plethora of …

In this study, we examined whether cigarette smoke has neuroprotective or toxic effects on
spinal cord injury (SCI). Male Sprague–Dawley rats were included in the study and received …

Object Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and death in the US
and has been associated with perioperative complications. In this study, the authors …

Study Design Literature review. Objective The aim of this literature review was to detail the
effects of smoking in spine surgery and examine whether perioperative smoking cessation …