Spine surgery in 2019 is more advanced than ever. As a multidisciplinary field, it draws from
the expertise of orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons. Additionally, the advances in …

Background: Perforations of the pedicle wall during cannulation can occur with experienced
surgeons. Direct endoscopic visualization has not been used to inspect pedicles previously …

Nonsurgical vs. surgical treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) has been compared in
the randomized and observational Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT), which …

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has a long track record of pain relief and
positive patient-reported outcomes for patients with degenerative disc disease and spondylosis. …

Pedicle screw instrumentation has become the foundation of thoracolumbar fixation techniques.
For different reasons, pedicle screw revisions may need to occur. Some of the primary …

Introduction: This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between taking sodium
valproate (VPA) and the onset of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in women with epilepsy …

Pelvic instrumentation in spine surgery provides crucial fixation to the distal end of a long-construct
fusion or added support to comminuted sacral fractures or pelvic ring injuries. Studies …

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing dramatically worldwide.
Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) as key regulators of gene expression, has been reported …

The intervertebral space offers a unique region of the lumbar spine to obtain alignment
corrective goals as well as to achieve a solid arthrodesis. The vast majority of the body weight …

The anterior approach to the thoracic spine has unique benefits and limitations and can be
done by both open and minimally invasive techniques. This approach provides excellent …