The reconstruction of musculoskeletal defects is a constant challenge for orthopaedic
surgeons. Musculoskeletal injuries such as fractures, chondral lesions, infections and tumor …

BACKGROUND Surgical site infection (SSI) following spine surgery is associated with
increased morbidity, reoperation rates, hospital readmissions, and cost. The incidence of SSI …

Giving rise to both bone and cartilage during development, bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal
stem cells (hMSC) have the unique capacity to generate the complex tissues of the …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Tandem spinal stenosis (TSS) refers to a narrowing of the spinal
canal in distinct, noncontiguous regions. TSS most commonly occurs in the cervical and …

Tophaceous gout of the spine is an underappreciated source of back pain in patients with or
without neurological decline. It has been reported to occur in the cervical, thoracic and …

Background Lumbar laminectomy is a surgical procedure allowing for decompression of
neural structures. A wide laminectomy to adequately decompress neural elements without …

Background Parsonage Turner syndrome is an uncommon condition characterized by acute
onset shoulder pain, followed by neurologic deficits such as weakness and paresthesia. It is …

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a debilitating spinal condition with a wide
variety of symptoms that can differ greatly among individuals. Common symptoms include …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare and life-threatening
infection within the epidural space with significant functional impairment and morbidity. Active …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Many orthopedic surgeons experience work-related musculoskeletal
disorders (WMSDs), commonly in the neck and back. The Centers for Disease Control …