The systemic expression of the bile acid (BA) sensor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has led to
promising new therapies targeting cholesterol metabolism, triglyceride production, hepatic …

“It takes a village to finish (marine) science these days” Paraphrased from Curtis Huttenhower
(the Human Microbiome project) The rapidity and complexity of climate change and its …

Both casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) and epsilon (CK1ε) phosphorylate core clock proteins of
the mammalian circadian oscillator. To assess the roles of CK1δ and CK1ε in the circadian …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), a member of the nuclear receptor
family, is emerging as a key metabolic regulator with pleiotropic actions on various tissues …

Educational Objectives As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to: 1.
Understand the forces that predispose adjacent cervical segments to degeneration. 2. …

Background The modified 5-item frailty index (mFI-5) is a concise comorbidity-based risk
stratification tool that has been shown to predict the occurrence of adverse outcomes following …

Background Radiation exposure to patients and spine surgeons during spine surgery is
expected. The risks of radiation exposure include thyroid cancer, cataracts, and lymphoma. …

Cardiomyopathies due to mutations in human β-cardiac myosin are a significant cause of
heart failure, sudden death, and arrhythmia. To understand the underlying molecular basis of …

This study tested a psychosocial model of suicide risk in a sample of 156 Latino college
students. Specifically, depression and loneliness were hypothesized to be important predictors …

The globally distributed colonial cyanobacterium Trichodesmium and unicellular diazotrophs
including Crocosphaera together carry out the majority of marine biological nitrogen (N 2) …