Background: Pedicle screws provide excellent fixation for a wide range of indications.
However, their adoption in the cervical spine has been slower than in the thoracic and lumbar …

Cartilage loss leads to osteoarthritis, the most common cause of disability for which there is
no cure. Cartilage regeneration, therefore, is a priority in medicine. We report that agrin is a …

Background Hangman’s fractures are bilateral fractures of the C2 pars interarticularis
produced during hyperextension injuries. The Levine-Edwards classification divides these …

Aims/background This study aims to identify and analyse the factors that influence or
discourage junior doctors in the UK and across the world from wanting to pursue a career in …

Aims This observational study examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic upon the
paediatric trauma burden of a district general hospital. We aim to compare the nature and …

Background/aims An orthopaedic department requires good teamwork and communication
to function. This is undermined by bullying and harassment, which may affect the victim's …

Background/aims The workload of orthopaedic trainees is rapidly increasing at the expense
of training. Trainees are expected to assimilate large quantities of information efficiently. …

Background Esophagectomy is associated with high complication rate and mortality.
Numerous approaches have been introduced over the last two decades, with the ambition of …

Background Lymph node status in oesophageal carcinoma is an important prognostic factor
and predictor of survival. However, specific metastatic distribution patterns, especially for …

Background Minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIO) is a challenging procedure associated
with high rate of complications and mortality. The exact benefits of superior mediastinal …