Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a common clinical entity that can occasionally have significant
neurological sequelae. The authors report a case of cerebral fat embolism and FES that …

Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is an underdiagnosed clinical entity. Its pathophysiology
is multifactorial but largely unknown. We report two cases of NPE and review the literature …

Introduction Incorporation of the 6 ACGME core competencies into surgical training has
proven a considerable challenge particularly for the two primarily behavioral competencies, …

OBJECTIVE: The filum terminale (FT) is a fibrovascular band involved in the pathophysiology
of tethered cord syndrome (TCS). Its morphological and ultrastructural properties remain …

BACKGROUND Opioid requirements in the perioperative period in patients undergoing
lumbar spine fusion surgery remain problematic. Although minimally invasive surgery (MIS) …

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Acquired atlantoaxial instability of inflammatory origin
(Grisel syndrome) is a rare condition. It usually occurs in children with benign upper airway …

OBJECTIVE The modified frailty index (mFI) is a simple tool that measures physiological
reserve based on a thorough history and physical examination. Its use has been validated in …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a remodeling process mediated by several growth
factors and cytokines. This process has been extensively studied in vitro and with pathologic …

Object Early postoperative head CT scanning is routinely performed following intracranial
procedures for detection of complications, but its real value remains uncertain: so-called …

The normal aging of the extracellular matrix and collagen content of the human lumbar
intervertebral disc (IVD) remains relatively unknown despite vast amounts of basic science …