The field of spine surgery has changed significantly over the past few decades as once
technological fantasy has become reality. The advent of stereotaxis, intra-operative navigation, …

Chordoma is a low-grade notochordal tumor of the skull base, mobile spine and sacrum
which behaves malignantly and confers a poor prognosis despite indolent growth patterns. …

Concussions, both single and repetitive, cause brain and body alterations in athletes during
contact sports. The role of the brain-gut connection and changes in the microbiota have not …

Background: Standard fluoroscopic navigation and stereotactic computed tomography–guided
lumbar pedicle screw instrumentation traditionally relied on the placement of Kirshner …

Background Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), first described in the literature in 2006
by Ozgur et al., involves direct access to the lateral disc space via a retroperitoneal trans-…

Introduction: There is an association between cryptogenic strokes and patent foramen ovale
(PFO), as well as between migraines with aura and PFO. The purpose of the current study …

Introduction: Patient-specific instrumentation is an emerging technology with the promise of
a better fit to patient anatomy. With the advent of deformity correction planning software, …

Background Despite the high incidence of spinal infections that require an operation, there
is no consensus on the most appropriate initial surgical management for these patients …

Background Several studies have demonstrated the utility of intraoperative neuromonitoring
(IOM) including somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), motor-evoked potentials (MEPs)…

BACKGROUND: Interactive technologies are increasingly being used for patient education.
Augmented reality (AR) is the technology of superimposing digital content on the reality that …