Previous studies have shown that the immune-regulated cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)
activates host cells to restrict intracellular growth of the bacterial pathogen Chlamydia …

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a common disorder of unknown etiology that
is characterized by back pain and spinal stiffness. There may be mild pain if ankylosis has …

Background: Chin-on-chest deformity is a disabling manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis.
Surgical treatment consists of extension osteotomy at the cervicothoracic junction. The …

Background: Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is commonly associated with
cervical myelopathy. Surgical treatment is a matter of controversy. We report on a series of …

Many techniques for sacroiliac arthrodesis have been described. No single technique is
universally accepted as the standard. The current report describes a new technique using a …

Study Design. A retrospective radiographic assessment of the maintenance of sagittal
alignment in patients undergoing short-segment instrumented fusions in a knee-chest position. …

Background: Sagittal spinopelvic parameters remain poorly defined in patients with Scheuermann
disease (SD). For example, although pelvic incidence (PI) should approximate lumbar …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a neurologic condition
resulting from spinal cord compression due to degenerative changes within the cervical …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Degenerative changes in the cervical spine may result in
cervical stenosis and spinal cord compression, which can become clinically symptomatic as …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Non-operative treatment is regarded as the first-line of therapy
for patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) without neurologic deficits or significant …