Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) began more than 20 years ago as percutaneous
endoscopic discectomy and has evolved to the present day. This technique offers many …

Background Regional differences in acceptance and utilization of MISST by spine surgeons
may have an impact on clinical decision-making and the surgical treatment of common …

Background New onset of acute dysethetic leg pain due to irritation of the dorsal root
ganglion (DRG) following uneventful recovery from an expertly executed lumbar …

Background The indications of different endoscopic and endoscopically assisted
translaminar approaches for lumbar spinal stenosis are not well-defined, and validated …

Background: Open decompression with fusion is the gold-standard surgical technique for
spondylolisthesis. However, it may be too extensive for patients with foraminal stenosis with …

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have become widely used to
better measure patients' judgment of treatment benefits from surgical spine care. The …

Full-endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (FELF) under local anesthesia has been developed
as a minimally invasive alternative for lumbar foraminal stenosis. Some authors have …

Background Durotomy during endoscopic spine surgery can cause a patient's neurological
or cardiovascular status to deteriorate unexpectedly intra-or postoperatively. There is …

Background The NASS guideline cannot recommend any of the surgical treatment options
toward adult isthmic spondylolisthesis (AIS) since 2014. After the introduction of endoscopic …

Study Design A meta-analysis of 89 randomized prospective, prospective, and retrospective
studies on spinal endoscopic surgery outcomes. Objective The study aimed to provide …