Since the early days of surgical practice, surgeons have strived to achieve surgical goals
while minimizing approach-related damage to adjacent tissues. The adaptation of …

Various spinal diseases and related pain is a very common phenomenon, and it is reported
that more than two-thirds of the population experience these spine related symptoms during …

In the modern era, surgery in many fields has made rapid progress through endoscopic
surgery. Given the proximity of critical anatomic structure, including the spinal nerves that …

Endoscopic technology has advanced to the point where practitioners can now access,
visualize, and treat spine pathologies previously only accessible through open surgical …

Endoscopic surgery has been widely accepted in the whole surgical field, as well as in the
field of spinal surgery. The characteristic of endoscopic surgery is to puts the camera eye in …

The aging population around the world leads to increasing incidence of degenerative spinal
conditions. There is a need for a minimally invasive technique in treatment for spinal …

" Pocket-sized resource presents endoscopic spine surgery essentials from expert spine
surgeons Atlas of Full-Endoscopic Spine Surgery by internationally renowned spine …

The purpose of this paper is to review the data supporting current endoscopic surgical
techniques for the spine and the potential challenges and future of the field. The origins of …

Few neurosurgeons practicing today have had training in the field of endoscopic spine
surgery during residency or fellowship. Nevertheless, over the past 40 years individual spine …

Spine surgery has witnessed significant advancements in endoscopic techniques over the
past several decades. Compared to open approaches, endoscopic spine surgery allows for …