Background The Validated Intraoperative Bleeding Scale (VIBe Scale) was initially validated
with surgeons who operate on cardiothoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities and fulfilled …

Study Design. Benchtop model with prospective surgeon video testing. Objective. To create
a surface bleeding severity scale, the SPOT GRADE (SG), for quantitative assessment of …

Bleeding in spine surgery is a common occurrence but when bleeding is uncontrolled the
consequences can be severe due to the potential for spinal cord compression and damage …

Study Design. Systematic review. Objective. To determine the definition and incidence of
significant hemorrhage in adult spine fusion surgery, and to assess whether measures to …

Background Bleeding is an intraoperative and postoperative complication of liver surgery of
concern, and yet evidence to support utility and reproducibility of bleeding scales for liver …

Background Clinical studies investigating topical hemostatic agents have not used
standardized definitions for intraoperative bleeding. The Food and Drug Administration has …

Patients undergoing major spine surgery may acquire a perioperative coagulopathy from
dilution of coagulation factors and/or platelets or fibrinolysis. The mechanisms of the …

Purpose Spine surgery is usually associated with large amount of blood loss and blood
transfusion. Excessive blood loss may cause hypotension, inadequate oxygenation of …

Study Design. Cross-sectional, modified Delphi approach. Objective. The primary objective
of this study was to identify patients at risk of increased perioperative blood loss according to …

Screening laboratory studies for bleeding disorders are of little predictive value for operative
bleeding risk in adults. Predicting perioperative bleeding in pediatric patients is particularly …