Brazil is the largest country in South America. It is more than 8,515,767 km² (3,287,086 mi²)
and is the world's fifth largest country. With a population of over 214 million, it is also the …

OBJECTIVE: Underfunding of the surgical treatment of complex spinal deformities has been
an important reason for the steadily growing waiting lists in publicly funded healthcare …

Chile is a country with an area of 756,102 km2. 1 It spans a distance of 4270 km (2653
miles) of coastline from north to south, which creates problems in delivering sophisticated …

Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop a stratification scheme for surgical spinal
care to serve as a framework for referrals and distribution of patients with spinal disorders …

The proportion of the population over age 65 in the United States continues to increase over
time, from 12% in 2000 to a projected 20% by 2030. There is an associated rise in the …

Dan Carai Maia Viola1, Mario Lenza1, Suze Luize Ferraz de Almeida1, Oscar Fernando
Pavão dos Santos1, Miguel Cendoroglo Neto1, Claudio Luiz Lottenberg1, Mario Ferretti1 …

The rapid growth in spinal surgery volumes over the past 20 years has prompted payers,
policy experts and some spine surgeon groups to call for a reappraisal of spine care in the …

Background The availability of diverse and sophisticated surgical options to treat spine
conditions is compounded by the scarcity of high-level evidence to guide decision-making …

In this focused issue of Annals of Translational Medicine, world-renowned leaders,
academics, and physicians contribute their expertise and knowledge regarding the latest …

Purpose Spinal disorders, including back and neck pain, are major causes of disability,
economic hardship, and morbidity, especially in underserved communities and low-and …