Background: We report the case of a professional baseball player who had severe leg pain
due to lumbar lateral disc herniation at L4-5 and isthmic spondylolisthesis at L5 (double …

The patient was a 48-year-old female recreational triathlete who had been experiencing
mild low back pain since high school. She had recently developed right leg pain and had …

In cases of L5-S1 foraminal disc herniation with superior migration, it is very difficult to
access using rigid endoscope. We attempted a percutaneous endoscopic lumbar …

Background Among all lumbar disc herniations, L5-S1 far-lateral disc herniations are rare
entities. Besides, surgical approach may be difficult because of the very narrow passage at …

Background Surgeries for far-lateral lumbar disc herniation (FLLDH) and foraminal stenosis
at the L5/S1 level are very complicated because of its unique structure. The authors have …

Interventions: We performed a full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy via the interlaminar space
(FESS-IL) for L5/S1 lumbar disc herniation (LDH) accompanied by isthmic lumbar …

A 59-year-old patient with the diagnosis of L3–L4 disc herniation and L4–L5 spinal stenosis
(Figures 1A and 2A) actually underwent another magnetic resonance imaging when he …

Background: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) represents a frequent clinical entity in athletes.
Surgical treatment of LDH with endoscopic spine surgical techniques has been proposed as …

Discal cysts are rare intraspinal extradural cysts that communicate with the corresponding
intervertebral discs, and the diagnosis is difficult to distinguish from other causes of low back …

Typical causes of back pain in the athlete include muscle strain, intervertebral disc injury,
interspinous bursitis, and spondylolysis. If initial evaluation does not indicate that any of …