Background Early pain control after lumbar fusion presents a challenge to patients and
providers. Intrathecal morphine (ITM) has been used at the end of these procedures with …

Purpose In an effort to control postoperative pain more effectively in spinal fusion patients,
intraoperative intrathecal morphine (ITM) administration is gaining popularity and …

Introduction Intrathecal morphine (ITM) is a well-known and extensively used method for
analgesia in various surgical fields; however, its relevance in spine surgery is debated given …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Intrathecal morphine (ITM) has been widely effective in
improving postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing a multitude of surgeries, including …

Study Design. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Objective. The aim of
this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intrathecal morphine (ITM) in reducing …

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intrathecal morphine
(ITM) in combination with bupivacaine as pre-emptive analgesia in patients undergoing …

Intrathecal Morphine Following Lumbar Fusion: A Randomized,... : Neurosurgery Intrathecal
Morphine Following Lumbar Fusion: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial : Neurosurgery …

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND CONTEXT Patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery may
experience considerable pain in the early postoperative period, and poor pain control after …

Objective In orthopedic surgery, it is well known that the use of intrathecal morphine (ITM)
leads to an improved quality of postoperative analgesia. Little is known how this improved …

Objective: The objective of this review was to evaluate the effects of preoperative intrathecal
morphine (ITM) in addition to patient-controlled analgesia with morphine (PCAM) versus …