Background The purpose of our study was to examine the effect of controlled delivery of TGF-
β3, BMP-4, and TIMP-2 with a biocompatible biopolymer, chitosan, on an acutely injured …

Study Design. Preclinical study. Objective. Develop and test a drug delivery system (DDS)
composed of anti-inflammatories and growth factors in the rabbit disk injury model. Summary …

Purpose of study: Intervertebral disc degeneration is characterized by a progressive loss of
proteoglycan content and a subsequent decrease in the disc's hydrostatic capacity. Growth …

Introduction Different approaches for disc regeneration are currently under investigation.
Beside gene therapy and tissue engineering techniques, the application of growth and …

Background Cervical and lumbar pain is usually caused by degeneration of the nucleus
pulposus (NP). As a powerful therapeutic strategy, tissue engineering can effectively restore …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Disc degeneration is a major reason for low back pain and can
be caused by apoptosis. The prevention of apoptosis using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) …

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) gene delivery to Lewis rat lumbar intervertebral discs
(IVDs) drives bone formation anterior and external to the IVD, suggesting the IVD is …

Purpose To investigate whether exogenous tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) will initiate a
degenerative process in intervertebral disc in vivo. Methods Exogenous TNF-α in dosages of …

Study Design. Rat lumbar discs comprising nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and
cartilaginous endplates were cultured for 1 week in a specialized media containing either …

Background Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is suggested as a major cause of chronic
low back pain (LBP). Intradiscal delivery of growth factors has been proposed as a …