Figure 3
Intraoperative images of OSE-PALF. (A) Precise localization of the lateral mass joint under C-arm fluoroscopic guidance. (B) Clear endoscopic visualization of the C2 isthmus and joint capsule. (C) Lateral mass joint visible after retraction of the C2 nerve root and joint capsule. (D) Close-up view showing the joint space and C1 lateral mass facet. (E) Endoscopic grinding of the lateral mass articular surface with a spherical burr. (F) Insert allograft cancellous bone into the joint space using a graft rod. (G) Direct visualization of successful lateral mass joint graft fusion. (H) Confirmation of the implant position and atlantoaxial reduction with intraoperative fluoroscopy. OSE-PALF, one-hole split endoscopy for posterior atlantoaxial lateral mass joint fusion.
