RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Interlaminar Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy: A Narrative Review JF International Journal of Spine Surgery JO Int J Spine Surg FD International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery SP S47 OP S53 DO 10.14444/8163 VO 15 IS suppl 3 A1 Young Il Won A1 Woon Tak Yuh A1 Shin Won Kwon A1 Chi Heon Kim A1 Seung Heon Yang A1 Kyoung-Tae Kim A1 Chun Kee Chung YR 2021 UL http://ijssurgery.com//content/15/suppl_3/S47.abstract AB Background When pain caused by lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is not relieved after 4 to 6 weeks of conservative treatment, surgery is recommended. Open microdiscectomy is a standard surgical technique, but surgical endoscopy enables endoscopic lumbar surgery with clinical outcomes similar to those of standard microdiscectomy. Endoscopic lumbar discectomy is largely divided into transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD) and interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy (IELD). TELD was introduced about 10 years earlier than IELD and seems to be more popular than IELD.Objective The present article reviews the surgical technique, indications, and outcomes of IELD. Although much is still unknown, potential future perspectives are reviewed.Summary Although improved surgical techniques enable TELD to be versatile, IELD is still specifically beneficial for patients with highly migrated LDH and a high iliac crest. There is a large body of literature indicating favorable outcomes with both TELD and IELD. Currently, the selection of TELD or IELD is at the discretion of the surgeon, but the IELD surgical technique is useful for further applying endoscopic lumbar surgery for lumbar decompression or lumbar interbody fusion. The techniques can be assisted by advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, surgical robots, and artificial reality, and a precise and systematic approach to decision-making and surgical techniques is required to combine these technologies effectively.