RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Robotic-Assisted Revision Spine Surgery JF International Journal of Spine Surgery JO Int J Spine Surg FD International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery SP S14 OP S21 DO 10.14444/8272 VO 16 IS S2 A1 Alexander M. Satin A1 Stanley Kisinde A1 Isador H. Lieberman YR 2022 UL http://ijssurgery.com//content/16/S2/S14.abstract AB As the surgical treatment of spinal degenerative conditions increases, more patients will ultimately require revision spine surgery. Revision spine surgery is more technically demanding than primary surgery with increased complication rates and variable clinical outcomes. The freehand placement of pedicle screws into a previously operated and/or fused level is more difficult due to the altered anatomic landmarks and/or bone loss. Additional benefit of robotic spine surgery is appreciated during such revision spine surgical procedures with unusual anatomic considerations, whereby the preoperative planning using robotic planning software and computer-assisted robotic guidance play a crucial role in assisting the surgeon to “visualize the invisible.” We highlight 3 roles of this technology in 3 cases: planning strategic osteotomies, redrilling of screw holes, and insertion of revision screws in previously operated thoracolumbar and cervical spine regions.