PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - CELESTE ABJORNSON
AU  - ANTONIO BRECEVICH
AU  - TUCKER CALLANAN
AU  - CHRISTINA DOWE
AU  - FRANK P. CAMMISA, JR
AU  - MORGAN P. LORIO
TI  - ISASS Recommendations and Coverage Criteria for Bone Graft Substitutes used in Spinal Surgery
AID  - 10.14444/5095
DP  - 2018 Dec 01
TA  - International Journal of Spine Surgery
PG  - 757--771
VI  - 12
IP  - 6
4099  - http://ijssurgery.com//content/12/6/757.short
4100  - http://ijssurgery.com//content/12/6/757.full
SO  - Int J Spine Surg2018 Dec 01; 12
AB  - Autologous bone graft remains the gold standard by which bone graft substitutes are compared in spine fusion surgery. The utilization of bone graft substitutes, either as (1) an extender for spinal fusion constructs or (2) an alternative to minimize morbidity while maximizing outcomes, is changing. Moreover, current procedural technology (CPT) code 20939 became effective in 2018 defining bone marrow aspirate for bone grafting, spine surgery only. Changes in the complex landscape of grafting materials have prompted ISASS to provide category guidance for bone graft substitutes by comparing and contrasting US regulatory pathways, mechanisms of action, and supportive clinical evidence for these bone grafting materials.