Comparison of patient characteristics between open and PPI cohorts.
| Characteristics | Open | PPI | P Valuea |
| No. of patients | 65 (71.4) | 26 (28.6) | |
| No. of patients with follow-up | 50 (77) | 20 (77) | |
| Age, mean ± SD | 39.2 ± 14.8 | 38.4 ± 17.4 | 0.65 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 5.4 | 25.3 ± 3.5 | 0.67 |
| Overweight/obese | 36 (55.4) | 14 (53.9) | >0.99 |
| Sex—male | 44 (67.7) | 17 (65.4) | >0.99 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0.35 ± 0.8 | 0.69 ± 1.5 | 0.37 |
| Other body trauma | 57 (87.7) | 22 (84.6) | 0.74 |
| Neurological status | |||
| Intact | 31 (47.7) | 19 (73.1) | 0.09 |
| Incomplete injury | 13 (20.0) | 3 (11.5) | |
| Complete injury | 21 (32.3) | 4 (15.4) | |
| American Society of Anesthesiologists score | |||
| 1 | 10 (15.4) | 4 (15.4) | 0.21 |
| 2 | 27 (41.5) | 15 (57.7) | |
| 3 | 21 (32.3) | 4 (15.4) | |
| 4 | 6 (9.2) | 1 (3.9) | |
Abbreviation: PPI, percutaneous pedicle instrumentation.
Data presented as n (%) or mean ± SD.
↵a Indicates significant statistical value P < 0.05.