Outcomes of patients (N = 65) undergoing stand-alone ALIF, 360° ALIF, or arthroplasty for recurrent lumbar disc herniation.
| Characteristic | Stand-Alone ALIF | 360° ALIF | Arthroplasty | P | Total |
| Intraoperative injury, n (%) | |||||
| Arterial injury | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 |
| Venous injury | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 |
| Peritoneal structures injury | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 |
| Nerve root involvement | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 |
| Dural sac injury | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 |
| Operative time, min, mean (SD) | 165.8 (61.72) | 236.25 (46.30) | 98.43 (45) | < 0.0001a | 175.23 (74.69) |
| 1 level | 164.61 (65.29) | 238 (50.73) | 96 (45.48) | < 0.0001a | 166.27 (80.35) |
| 2 levels | 172.50 (62.37) | 246.42 (25.28) | -b | 0.02c | 188.82 (58.98) |
| 3 levels | 190 (14.14) | 257.5 (88.38) | -d | < 0.0001c | 223.75 (64.72) |
| Length of hospital stay, d, mean (SD) | 2.2 (0.76) | 2.75 (1.48) | 2.43 (1.03) | 0.515 | 2.46 (1.14) |
| 1 level | 1.93 (0.76) | 2.8 (1.65) | 2.33 (0.97) | 0.172 | 2.37 (1.24) |
| 2 levels | 2.5 (0.7) | 3 (1.15) | -b | 0.334e | 2.7 (0.92) |
| 3 levels | 2.7 (0.71) | 3.2 (0.62) | -d | 0.293e | 2.95 (0.65) |
| Postoperative complications, n (%) | |||||
| Cavitary hematoma | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 |
| Wall hematoma | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 |
| Surgical wound infection | 1 (4%) | 0 | 0 | 0.444 | 1 (1.54%) |
| Retroperitoneal infection | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 |
| Lymphocele | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 |
| Evisceration/eventration | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 |
| DVT | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 |
| Retrograde ejaculatio | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 |
| Sympathetic changes | 1 (4%) | 1 (0.41%) | 2 (12.5%) | 0.477 | 4 (6.16%) |
Abbreviations: ALIF, anterior lumbar interbody fusion; DVT, deep vein thrombosis.
↵a All subgroups showed significant differences (all P < 0.0001 in post-hoc analysis).
↵b One patient had 2 operated levels in the arthroplasty group. The operative time for this patient was 134 minutes. The hospitalization duration was 4 days.
↵c The P values were calculated using the Student t test comparing the 360° ALIF and stand-alone ALIF groups. In both cases, there was a statistically significant difference.
↵d There were no patients with 3 operated levels in the arthroplasty group.
↵e P values were calculated using the Student t test comparing the ALIF 360° and ALIF stand-alone groups. In both cases, there was no statistically significant difference.