Original contributionIs the signal intensity of cerebrospinal fluid constant? Intensity measurements with high and low field magnetic resonance imagers
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2014, Spine JournalCitation Excerpt :In this study, we used the clean sample of CSF adjacent to the corresponding disc as a reference to adjust the signal measures of ROI. Luoma et al. [24] demonstrated that the signal intensity differences between CSF samples were small on 1.0- and 0.1-T MRI systems with various routine pulse sequences. Because it was constant, the CSF signal was considered to be an intensity reference in regions where the flow and pulsatile movements of CSF were slow enough [24].
Froin's syndrome revisited, 100 years on. Pseudo-Froin's syndrome on MRI
2008, Clinical RadiologyCitation Excerpt :They postulate that more complex macromolecules derived from cell membranes or macroscopic debris in association with paramagnetic species may contribute to the detectable signal changes seen in vivo. Luoma et al.7 had similar findings when they examined the signal intensity of nine samples of CSF at 1 and 0.1 T. Signal intensity did not correlate with the protein content and the location of the sample in the coil caused more variation in the results than the composition of the sample. Cerebrospinal fluid flow in the cervical spinal canal demonstrates a biphasic pattern, which is influenced by the systolic (caudal) and diastolic (cephalic) phases of the echocardiogram (ECG).8
Quantitative measurement of intervertebral disc signal using MRI
2008, Clinical RadiologyCitation Excerpt :However, no intra-body reference was used in one,12 and the other used only a single distal point in the upper cervical cord as a reference.13 In the lumbar spine, previous studies have found CSF to be a suitable signal reference in the absence of severe narrowing of the dural sac, marked scoliosis, or flow and pulsatile movement.5–6 These factors affecting the utility of CSF as an intra-body reference were thought to be more pronounced in the thoracic spine than in the lumbar spine due to the relatively smaller space for CSF.