Abstract
This review focuses on basic principles of motility in different cell types, formation of the specific cell structures that enable directed migration, and how external signals are transduced into cells and coupled to the motile machinery. Feedback mechanisms and their potential role in maintenance of internal chemotactic gradients and persistence of directed migration are highlighted.
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Abbreviations
- Arp:
-
actin-related protein
- DOCK:
-
dedicator of cytokinesis, a group of guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rhofamily proteins
- EGF:
-
epidermal growth factor
- Epac:
-
guanine nucleotide exchange protein directly activated by cAMP
- Erk:
-
extracellularly regulated MAP-kinase
- FAK:
-
focal adhesion kinase
- FH1/FH2:
-
formin homology (domain) 1/2
- GBD/CRIB:
-
GTPase-binding domain/Cdc42 and Rac interactive binding (domain)
- GbpC:
-
cGMP-binding protein C in Dictyostelium cells
- GPCR:
-
trimeric G-protein-coupled receptor
- Grb2:
-
growth factor receptor-bound protein 2
- IL-1β:
-
interleukin-1β
- LEGI:
-
local excitation and global inhibition model
- LIM-kinase:
-
protein kinase containing the LIM-domain encoded by the lin-11, isl-1, and mec-3 genes of Caenorhabditis
- LPA:
-
lysophosphatidic acid
- MLCK:
-
myosin II light chain kinase
- NAD(P)H:
-
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)
- NPF:
-
nucleation-promoting factor
- PAK:
-
p21-activated kinase
- PDGF:
-
platelet-derived growth factor
- PDK:
-
phosphoinositide-dependent kinase
- PH:
-
plekstrin homology (domain)
- PI3K:
-
phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase which phosphorylates phosphatidylinositols at 3′-position of the inositol ring
- PIP2:
-
PI(3,4)P2, and PI(4,5)P2, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate with two phosphate groups attached to the indicated positions of inositol ring
- PIP3 and PI(3,4,5)P2:
-
phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
- PIX:
-
PAK-interacting exchange factor
- PKB/Akt:
-
protein kinase B, aka Akt
- PLA2:
-
phospholipase A2
- PTEN:
-
phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten that dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositols at 3′-position of the inositol ring
- ROCK:
-
Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase
- ROS:
-
reactive oxygen species
- RPTK:
-
receptor protein tyrosine kinase
- Scar:
-
suppressor of cAMP receptor in Dictyostelium cells
- sGC:
-
soluble guanylyl cyclase
- SH2:
-
Srchomology 2 (domain)
- SHIP1:
-
Src homology 2 domain containing inositol-5-phosphatase 1 that dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositols at the 5′-position of the inositol ring
- Src:
-
Rous sarcoma tyrosine kinase
- TorC2:
-
target of rapamycin complex 2
- WASP:
-
Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome protein
- WAVE:
-
WASP and verprolin homologous protein in mammalian cells
- WH1/WH2:
-
WASP homology (domain)
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Published in Russian in Uspekhi Biologicheskoi Khimii, 2011, Vol. 51, pp. 335–400.
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Vorotnikov, A.V. Chemotaxis: Movement, direction, control. Biochemistry Moscow 76, 1528–1555 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297911130104
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297911130104