The clinical records, operation records, X-rays and CT-scans of 160 operatively treated patients with A-type and B-type spinal fractures were evaluated in a retrospective study. The preoperative diagnosis was compared with the postoperative diagnosis. Analysis of characteristics of patients with A-type fractures (without the unrecognised B-type fractures), initially unrecognised B-type (uB) fractures, and B-type fractures (without the unrecognised B-type fractures) was performed. We analysed the age of the patients, the respective fracture levels, neurologic deficit, anterior wedge angles (AWA), anterior corporal height (ACH), posterior corporal height (PCH), and the percentage of frontal corporal collapse (FCC). The t-test was used for statistical analysis. The mean age of patients in each group did not show a significant difference. The group of unrecognised B-fractures had a more caudal fracture level than the recognised B-type fractures. The fracture levels of the A-group and the uB-group patients showed no difference using the t-test. The percentage of patients with spinal fractures with neurologic deficit is 16% in the A-type fracture group, 12% in the uB-fracture group and 50% in the B-type group. The preoperative classification of patients in the A-group and in the uB-group showed that patients in the uB-group have more than proportional relatively simple preoperative A-fractures. The AWA and ACH did not show significant differences between the groups. The mean PCH of the uB-group was higher than the PCH of the A-group. No differences were measured between the uB-group and the B-group. The mean percentages of frontal corporal collapse (FCC) did not show a significant difference. Thirty percent of B-type fractures are misdiagnosed when plain X-rays and CT scans with 2D reconstructions are used as the only preoperative diagnostic tools. A large PCH with a normal interspinous distance should raise the suspicion of a B-type lesion. A large AWA does not point to a ligamentary B-type fracture.