Few neurosurgeons practicing today have had training in the field of endoscopic spine
surgery during residency or fellowship. Nevertheless, over the past 40 years individual spine …

OBJECTIVE Endoscopic discectomy (ED) has been advocated as a less-invasive
alternative to open microdiscectomy (OM) and tubular microdiscectomy (TM) for lumbar disc …

Background: Treatment of intermediate-stage painful degenerative disc disease is controversial,
with few reliable options. Allogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an alternative …

Purpose: Epileptiform discharges that resemble interictal spikes can be generated by slices
of neocortex treated with antagonists of γ‐aminobutyric acid A (GABA A ) receptors. These …

METHODS: The 149-question Self-Assessment Neurosurgery Examination Indications
Examination was used to query LLM accuracy. Questions were inputted in a single best answer, …

Object. The diagnosis, treatment, and postoperative care of morbidly obese patients undergoing
spinal surgery require modifications for body habitus. With a growing percentage of the …

Discussion Here we present the first case reported in the literature of a working channel
endoscope used exclusively for the biopsy/resection of a ventral thoracic epidural spinal lesion. …

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Interest surrounding generative large language models
(LLMs) has rapidly grown. Although ChatGPT (GPT-3.5), a general LLM, has shown near-…

Objective To evaluate the incidence and outcomes of incidental durotomy in transforaminal
endoscopic spine surgery. Methods Transforaminal lumbar endoscopic procedures were …

Chordoma is a low-grade notochordal tumor of the skull base, mobile spine and sacrum
which behaves malignantly and confers a poor prognosis despite indolent growth patterns. …